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  <h1 class="h11">45 变化气质和气的周期</h1>
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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>同时在此也可附带的提到有关儒家学说“<span class="qiangdiao1">变化气质</span>”的观念。在一般只讲读书求学问的人来说，能够真正做到读书明理，从人生日常的言语行为和待人处事之间，确切地体会到学问与知识对于修养的实际应用，做到心平气和的，便是学问“<span class="qiangdiao1">变化气质</span>”的最明显造诣。这是由心理入手，改变心性修养的路线，确实有理，一点也没有错。但严格的说来，这还只属于“<span class="qiangdiao1">养气</span>”和“<span class="qiangdiao1">养心</span>”的工夫。气变而质仍未变。所谓质变，必须是连带生理功能的转变。如果只从心性修养，而不配合生理修炼到达上述“<span class="qiangdiao1">气住神闲</span>”的境界，那么，所谓“<span class="qiangdiao1">变化气质</span>”之道，也仅属于一句理念上的名言，而并非实际履践的恺切工夫。</p><p>如上所说的种种，我们平常学习佛家天台宗的“<span class="qiangdiao1">随息</span>”“<span class="qiangdiao1">数息</span>”“<span class="qiangdiao1">观息</span>”和道家的“<span class="qiangdiao1">心息相依</span>”，以及一般内家气功的种种修炼方法，对于达成“<span class="qiangdiao1">练精化气</span>”和“<span class="qiangdiao1">炼气化神</span>”的作用，又有什么关系呢？关于这个问题，说来便会牵连到一般“<span class="qiangdiao1">丹经</span>”造书有关人身呼吸的理论了。许多专为修道、修炼内丹或静坐功夫的书籍上，有关人体气脉的理论，大体都根据原始医学原理的“<span class="qiangdiao1">内经</span>”和“<span class="qiangdiao1">难经</span>”的抽象观念，说明气机或气脉在人体内部的行度和作用。古往今来，有许多学道或修炼静坐的人，便死守这种传述，信以为真，浪费很多宝贵的精神和时间，从事那些不切实际而太过抽象的工夫。现在在此特作声明，以供参考。</p><p>我们过去原始粗浅的自然科学观念，往往把许多事物，都纳入古代天文数字或抽象的《易经》象数的数字里去。所以许多“<span class="qiangdiao1">丹经</span>”道书，也随“<span class="qiangdiao1">内</span>”、“<span class="qiangdiao1">难</span>”二经一样，把人体的气脉作用，区分为五候、六气、和三百六十周天度数，或八八六十四卦的观念。因此而使后世进入似是而非、迷离惝恍的影响之谈中去讨生活了。例如古代最早的天文学理之说，认为“<span class="qiangdiao1">周天三百六十五度四分之一。太陽每日绕地一周而过一度，每岁纪三百六十五度零二十五刻。太陽行一周天即是一年。四岁共积盈百刻而为一纪。</span>”云云。人身是小天地，气脉运行之数也同此规则。如说：“<span class="qiangdiao1">人一呼脉行三寸，一吸脉行三寸，呼吸定息，脉行六寸。人一日一夜；凡一万三千五百息（分开一呼一吸而加一倍数，也只等于二万七千息），脉行五十度而周于身。</span>”这等于说：“<span class="qiangdiao1">呼吸气二百七十息，脉行三十六丈二尺为一周。五十度周身，计一万三千五百息，脉行八百十一丈。每日从寅时起复而至于卯。</span>”于是从事修道、静坐的人，便都根据此说而作调息的工夫。其实，这个数字的根本问题，都误在古代测验时辰刻漏方法的不够标准，这种理论和数字，是大有问题的问题，不足据以为信。根据科学事实和准确医学的经验，人的呼吸，平均每分钟十八次。一天廿四小时，平均共二万五千九百二十次。脉搏平均每分钟跳动七十二次，等于呼吸的四倍数。太陽系统的运行旋转，也是二万五千九百二十年为一周期。这个总数也就是各大行星回复到相同相对位置所需要的时间，所以叫做太陽的大周期（The Great Sidereal Year）。</p> </div>
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